Abstract
Banking cards, including credit cards, debit card, pre-paid debit cards and ATM cards, have become the primary payment method in online transactions. However, this popularity boosted the Card-not-present (CNP) fraud victimization. Despite numerous studies exploring technological solutions to prevent CNP fraud, there is a shortage of theoretically informed research exploring the online lifestyle correlates of CNP. 
 This study, which utilizes the dataset of Crime Survey for England and Wales 2014/2015, addresses this gap in the literature. Routine Activities Theory was used as the theoretical and conceptual framework in this present study. Bivariate and multivariate analyses results suggested that home users’ online lifestyle increases the risk of becoming a victim of CNP fraud. Buying goods or services, accessing online government services and online communication (email/instant messaging and chat rooms) emerged as risk factors. Illustrating the impact of technological vulnerabilities (mobile phones and public access computers) on the risk of CNP fraud victimization was another novel contribution of this study. 
 Additionally, personal guardianship measures, using complex passwords and different passwords, emerged as predictors of victimization. These results provide valuable implications for situational crime prevention efforts. Practical and theoretical implications of this study are further discussed.
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