Abstract
The development of low-carbon buildings (LCBs) in China has not reached its expected status, although the Chinese government has formulated many relevant regulations. The real estate developers and consumers are essential participants in the development of LCBs. This paper explores whether the government’s implementation of the carbon tax will change their choices of LCBs. Evolutionary game models between developers and consumers are established under static and dynamic carbon taxes. Their evolutionarily stable strategies (ESS) are deduced in different situations. According to the real scenarios in China, numerical simulations are further conducted to show that carbon tax influences the low-carbon behaviors of stakeholders in the construction industry. Under a static carbon tax, the two players cannot reach an equilibrium state, while the game system is stable under a dynamic tax. The probability of the developers constructing LCBs is positively related to the carbon tax, while its degree is gradually weakened as the tax rate increases. Therefore, an appropriate tax should be set to promote the development of LCBs effectively. Finally, policy implications are put forwarded to guide the participants’ low-carbon behaviors and reduce the carbon emissions in the Chinese construction industry.
Highlights
The construction industry exerts essential economic, environmental and social impacts in China
We study the factors that affect their behaviors by analyzing their profits and strategic evolution, encouraging them to choose Low carbon buildings (LCBs)
The results showed that a reasonable carbon tax rate varies with the construction stage
Summary
The construction industry exerts essential economic, environmental and social impacts in China. With the rapid urbanization process, the industry has become one of the main contributions to carbon emissions due to the large consumption of resources and materials. It has caused adverse effects on the environment [1]. Low carbon buildings (LCBs) gradually turn into a development tendency, which is considered to reduce carbon emissions, improve energy efficiency, and use low-carbon materials, technologies and renewable energies. The development of LCBs needs to be improved to achieve the expected status [2]
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