EVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENT OF MOTOR TRANSPORT DIESELS: ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

Abstract

On the example of the most common in the use of diesel engines of commercial vehicles, the requirements for environmental and economic indicators, their evolutionary development over the past decades and, accordingly, changes in the impact on the environment and in the consumption of natural resources are considered. Road transport in terms of traffic significantly exceeds all other modes of transport, is the main consumer of scarce hydrocarbon oil fuels; and is considered the most significant pollutant of the surrounding atmosphere with toxic substances contained in the exhaust gases of engines.
 In recent years, during the development, implementation in production and use in operation, there have been significant changes in the design, technology, manufacturing, organization of the workflow, improvement of diesel engine systems that provide fuel and air supply, purification of exhaust gases from harmful emissions into the environment. The analysis of changes in requirements, the level of achieved economic and environmental performance of diesel engines of trucks, was carried out using the fuel-environmental criterion. The calculation data and the generalization of the results of the study made it possible to determine changes in the cost of fuel and compensation for environmental damage from the harmful effects of engine exhaust gases on the environment, related to a unit of power in operation, the coefficient of relative operating environmental costs, directly fuel-environmental criterion and to give a quantitative assessment of the evolutionary development of diesel engines of trucks. It has been established that the fuel and environmental efficiency of diesel engines of trucks over the past 30 years has increased by 4.17 times, mainly due to the reduction of harmful emissions into the environment with exhaust gases.