Abstract
Anopheles maculates is an important vector of malaria in Southeast Asia. The study of the salivary gland chromosomes of this species show important evolutionary homologies with other members of the subgenus Cellia, including gambiae, subpictus, jxdcherrimus, tessellatus and stephensi. All may be distinguished by means of the distinctive banding patterns of the X-chromosomes. The comparative study of the banding patterns permits an estimate of the kind and degree of cyto- genetic change that has taken place during the evolution of these species. Evidence is presented for interarm exchanges, paracentric inversions and pericentric inversions. Details of the salivary chromosomal banding patterns are often the best means of identification of sibling species or morphologically identical populations, which may or may not differ in vector capacity. The banding patterns in salivary gland chro- mosomes offer one opportunity to study evolutionary changes within a taxon. This method has been widely employed in Drosophila (Stone 1962, Carson & Stalker 1968) and also has been begun in anophe- line mosquitoes (Kitzmiller et al. 1967). Simi- larities in blocks of bands are suggestive of evolu- tionary homologies, and the presence of identical inversions or other aberrations in 2 species is con- sidered substantial proof of common evolutionary origin. This paper presents a detailed description of the salivary gland chromosomes of Anopheles maculatus and a proposed chromosome map for the species. It also discusses in some detail the homologies and presumed chromosomal evolutionary changes which exist among maculatus, stephensi, pulcherrimus and subpictus, all members of the subgenus CeZZia of the genus Anopheles. Maculatus, stephensi and pulcherrimus belong to the series NeoceZZia, subfictus is classified in the series P'retophorus. The study of the banding patterns shows con- siderable homologies Iamong all 4 species, and some rather complex chromosomal changes which have evidently occurred during evolution. ANOPHELES MACULATUS
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