Abstract
The paper analyzed the evolution of policies to reduce GHG emissions reduction in Vietnam, primarily to fulfill its transparency commitment under the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement. The uncertainty in the transparency rules of the Paris Agreement will be considered to sketch-out the most likely options for developing national policies to meet the future transparency requirements. The key actors and factors in Vietnam impacted by the policies are illustrated. To analyze the extent of penetration of transparency actions and future potentials provided these options, the progress of building congruence toward domesticating international norms of climate change in Vietnam by empirical assessment of the readiness to implement the ETF is conducted. In their turns, the way each relevant stakeholder responded to newly introduced requirements has a profound impact on policy making and enforcement in Vietnam and can represent a typical example of how the community react to a shift in transparency frameworks. Besides, the paper explores how the transparency policies will imply on the monitoring the transition to a low carbon economy in Vietnam under those reactions and the recommend the way forwards that the country may adopt to make its climate change commitment achieved and benefit significantly from the process.
Highlights
Vietnam is one among 197 countries that are the parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) with the aims of keeping a global temperature increase to well below 2 degrees Celsius and shifting to low carbon economy
The Readiness of Key Actors in Meeting in a Streamlined National MRV System under the Paris Agreement (PA) To provide more insights for building on the country’s capabilities to report under the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF), we further examine the readiness of key actors in moving toward a streamlined national MRV system to build the country’s accountability under the PA
Apart from following the action plan and recommendations that are proposed under the Partnership for Market Readiness (PMR), at a national level, Vietnam should articulate the rationale for availing flexibility that is not yet defined under the ETF for gradually improving the country’s readiness to strike a balance between meeting the conditionality of targets and the information Vietnam is able to provide in tracking progress towards achieving its nationally determined contributions (NDCs)
Summary
Vietnam is one among 197 countries that are the parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) with the aims of keeping a global temperature increase to well below 2 degrees Celsius and shifting to low carbon economy. The effectiveness of the PA rests in the transparency system, since the Agreement has been designed to be a non-adversarial and non-punitive manner so that parties voluntarily pledge their commitment ex ante, and report progress of achievement ex post, This is a reflection of extremely complicated situation of the climate negotiation in Paris, in particular, for ensuring active participation by developing country parties, while many of them had expressed their concerns regarding their readiness to undertake a reporting obligation under the ETF Such a strong voice became a driving force for a consideration for a balance agreement and demising the ETH by allowing different levels of accuracy with a view to gradual improvement of developing country parties.
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