Evolution of structural characteristics and its determinants of global human hair waste trade network based on temporal exponential random graph model

Abstract

Human hair waste (HHW), used primarily for wigs, saw its global trade value rise from $6.36 million in 1991 to $149.4 million in 2020. This study maps the global HHW trade network from 1991 to 2020, analyzing its structural evolution using the temporal exponential random graph model (TERGM). The network reveals hub nodes acting as bridges, with Southeast Asia, particularly India and China, as key players in exports and imports respectively. Factors like fashion trends, religious culture, and linguistic and geographic elements influence trade network formation. Countries with pronounced fashion inclinations and religious disparities exhibit stronger trade cooperation. This study offers insights for businesses to navigate HHW markets and emphasizes the importance of this resource for a stable global supply chain, promoting a shift towards a circular development model.