Abstract
Hypertension is mostly associated with adulthood and old age with little attention on children. This study provided evidence of hypertension in healthy children and its association with body composition and aerobic capacity (VO2max). 266 healthy children aged 8-11 years were recruited for the study. Blood pressure, heart rate, body mass index (BMI), basal metabolic rate (BMR), fat free mass, bone mass, visceral fat, total body water (TBW), and VO2max were measured. 18.79% were pre-hypertensive and 9.40% overweight at least, while 65.42% underweight. Correlation between blood pressure and maxVO2 was significant (P < 0.05). VO2max significantly correlate with body mass index (r = -.415, P < 0.05), fat mass (r = -.385, P < 0.05) negatively and visceral fat (r = -.267, P < 0.05) and positive with fat free mass (r =.385, P < 0.05) and bone mass (r =.077, P < 0.05). Gender differences were significant in BMR, TBW, VO2max and heart rate (P < 0.05). Evidence of hypertension in relatively healthy children is a clarion call to avert unprecedented decline in future life expectancy rate. Physical activity interventions are suggested antidotes to avert the risk factors of hypertension and excess body fat in children
Highlights
There is the evolution of high blood pressure in childhood and adolescence as a significant health issue concerning cardiovascular health (Flynn, Kaelber, Baker-Smith, Blowey, Carroll, & Daniels, 2017)
Studies have suggested that regular physical activity and cardio respiratory fitness confer a reduction in the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and overall mortality in healthy subjects(Møller et al, 2014; Richards et al, 2013)
This study seeks to (1) determine hypertension incidence among primary school children, (2) compare body composition [body mass index, visceral fat, muscle mass, total body water, bone mass, fat mass, fat free mass and basal metabolic rate] with blood pressure, heart rate and maximum oxygen consumption in primary school children, (3) compare the body composition and maximum oxygen consumption of children based on gender
Summary
There is the evolution of high blood pressure in childhood and adolescence as a significant health issue concerning cardiovascular health (Flynn, Kaelber, Baker-Smith, Blowey, Carroll, & Daniels, 2017). Studies have shown the presence of high blood pressure at any case from childhood to adulthood is related with subclinical arterial damage and emphasize the significance of early and continuous prevention(Flynn, Kaelber, Baker-Smith, Blowey, Carroll, Daniels, et al, 2017; Stabouli & Kotsis, 2018). Studies have suggested that regular physical activity and cardio respiratory fitness confer a reduction in the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and overall mortality in healthy subjects(Møller et al, 2014; Richards et al, 2013). High body fat percentage and low levels of cardiovascular fitness are cardiovascular risk and poor physical performance indicators. This study seeks to (1) determine hypertension incidence among primary school children, (2) compare body composition [body mass index, visceral fat, muscle mass, total body water, bone mass, fat mass, fat free mass and basal metabolic rate] with blood pressure, heart rate and maximum oxygen consumption in primary school children, (3) compare the body composition and maximum oxygen consumption of children based on gender
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