Abstract
ABSTRACTIntroduction: The predictive processing framework has attracted much interest in the field of schizophrenia research in recent years, with an increasing number of studies also carried out in healthy individuals with nonclinical psychosis-like experiences. The current research adopted a continuum approach to psychosis and aimed to investigate different types of prediction error responses in relation to psychometrically defined schizotypy.Methods: One hundred and two healthy volunteers underwent a battery of behavioural tasks including (a) a force-matching task, (b) a Kamin blocking task, and (c) a reversal learning task together with three questionnaires measuring domains of schizotypy from different approaches.Results: Neither frequentist nor Bayesian statistical methods supported the notion that alterations in prediction error responses were related to schizotypal traits in any of the three tasks.Conclusions: These null results suggest that deficits in predictive processing associated with clinical states of psychosis are not always present in healthy individuals with schizotypal traits.
Highlights
The predictive processing framework has attracted much interest in the field of schizophrenia research in recent years, with an increasing number of studies carried out in healthy individuals with nonclinical psychosis-like experiences
The current study investigated the relationships between different types of predictive processing and domains of psychometrically defined schizotypy in the same individuals
There was no significant difference in associative learning between individuals with high and low positive or negative schizotypy or distress caused by delusion-like beliefs
Summary
The predictive processing framework has attracted much interest in the field of schizophrenia research in recent years, with an increasing number of studies carried out in healthy individuals with nonclinical psychosis-like experiences. One of the most influential theories about such alterations in cognition posits that predictive processing is altered in healthy individuals prone to psychosis-like experiences (e.g., Corlett & Fletcher, 2012; Palmer, Davare, & Kilner, 2016), patients with first-episode psychosis (e.g., Corlett et al, 2007), and patients with established schizophrenia (e.g., Schlagenhauf et al, 2014). This predictive processing model has been adduced to explain the positive symptoms of schizophrenia (delusions and hallucinations; Fletcher & Frith, 2009).
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