Evidence for the atherogenic index of plasma as a potential biomarker for cardiovascular disease in schizophrenia.

Abstract

Schizophrenia is known to be accompanied with increased cardiovascular mortality, which causes reduced life expectancy. The aim of the current study was to investigate if atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) could be a good marker in assessing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in patients with schizophrenia. Patients with schizophrenia (n = 328) and healthy controls (n = 141) were recruited. Schizophrenia patients were evaluated according to the presence of antipsychotic (AP) drug use as AP(+)Sch group and AP(-)Sch group. Atherogenic indices, such as AIP, Castelli's risk index-I (CRI-I), Castelli's risk index-II (CRI-II), and atherogenic coefficient (AC), were calculated according to the laboratory examination of serum lipid parameters. According to the comparison of serum lipid levels, triglyceride (TG) levels were found to be highest and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were lowest in AP(+)Sch group than AP(-)Sch group and control group (CG) (p < 0.001). AIP, CRI-I, and CRI-II scores were found to be significantly higher in AP(+)Sch group than AP(-)Sch group, and in AP(-)Sch than healthy controls (p < 0.001). Mean AC scores were higher in AP(+)Sch group than both AP(-)Sch and CG and were similar in AP(-)Sch and control subjects (p < 0.001). According to the correlation analysis, AIP scores were positively correlated with duration of disease (r = 0.235; p = 0.002) and age (r = 0.226; p = 0.003) in AP(+)Sch group but not in drug-free subjects. In all groups, atherogenic indices of CRI-I, CRI-II, and AC scores were found to be positively correlated with AIP scores (p < 0.001). Our results suggest that AIP is an easily calculable and reliable marker for determining the CVD risk in both drug-free schizophrenia patients and patients under AP treatment.