Abstract
<h4>Evidence Against Mobile Pulleys on the Rectus Muscles and Inferior Oblique Muscle: Central Nervous System Controls Ocular Kinematics</h4> <p><b>To the Editors:</b><br>This letter is a reply to Joseph L. Demer’s defense of his active pulley hypothesis (APH). Demer believes that independently functioning pulleys in the orbit determine the locations of the rotational axes of the extraocular muscles. He states that my statement that eye movements are commutative is a fundamental error and mathematically absurd.<sup>1</sup> He writes: “. . . it is a fundamental mathematical truism that rotations of any sort or object are always noncommutative: the sequence of rotations has an important influence on the final orientation achieved, and there is simply no way around this unless the rotational axes themselves interact mutually.” The validity of the APH rests with this statement. This letter presents evidence that eye movements are in fact commutative (ie, the sequence of rotations has no effect on the final orientation of the eye) and that there is no mechanism in the orbit independent of neural control.<sup>1-7</sup> [more...]</p>
Published Version
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