Abstract
Everything is on the Head
Highlights
Craniofacial development is a complex threedimensional process that involves the patterning, outgrowth, fusion, and molding of various heterogeneous tissues
Genetic manipulations in mice have begun to uncover the important role of epithelial–mesenchymal interactions that play in craniofacial development by targeting genes expressed in one tissue layer
Genomics have considerably increased our understanding on cell plasticity, pathology, and regeneration, and, profoundly changed many paradigms used to define health and diseases
Summary
Craniofacial (cranium, face, and jaws) development is a complex threedimensional process that involves the patterning, outgrowth, fusion, and molding of various heterogeneous tissues. The ability to form skeletogenic tissues is unique to the cranial neural crest cells that are divided into an anterior (or facial) domain and a posterior domain. Migrating facial neural crest cells and paraxial mesoderm combine to form the mesenchyme of the facial prominences. The mesoderm contributes the jaw musculature and the cranial base, while neural crest-derived mesenchyme forms the teeth, cartilage, intramembranous bone cells, and connective tissues of the face (Minoux and Rijli, 2010).
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