Evans Syndrome in Rectal Carcinoma

Abstract

Malignancy is rarely associated with autoimmune disease, and it may complicate rare condition such as Evans Syndrome (ES). ES is an infrequent condition that manifests as a combination of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) with Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP). There were reported cases of ES associated with hematological malignancy but association with rectal carcinoma is relatively unknown. We report a case of a young gentleman with stage III rectosigmoid adenocarcinoma who underwent successful oncological resection and presented a month later with severe anemic symptoms. Blood investigations were consistent with AIHA and ITP.  He was treated with steroids and received multiple blood transfusions but eventually succumbed to death.