Evaluation the Silver Graphene Quantum Dot effect when combined with Resveratrol and Radiation in Colorectal Cancer Cells

Abstract

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of radiotherapy in combined with silver grapheme quantum dot (SQD) and Resveratrol (Res) on HCT-116 colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Minimally cytotoxic concentration of SQD (50Um) was selected to evaluate the sensitivity to radiation (2Gy of x-Ray radiation) and to combine treatments. The Acridine Orange/Ethidium Bromide staining was used to detect apoptosis. The caspase 3 mRNA expression level was measured by real time PCR method. Also cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) protein expression was studied by western blot technique. Likewise, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) enzyme activities and malondialdehyde(MDA) level were determined. In this study after 24 h , triple combined case showed decreased cell viability versus double and single treatments (p<0.05). Also cellular viability were decreased in SQD-Radiation and SQD-Res in compared to related single treatments (p<0.05). The increased apoptotic cells, was observed in the triple combination group in compared to double and single treated cases. Also, triple combination treatment exhibited decreased GPX activity versus single treatments (p<0.05). The triple combined case showed reduced SOD activity than the single radiation and SQD treatments. A remarkable increase in MDA concentration was observed in triple combination versus single treatments. Likewise in double and triple treatments, upregulation of caspase 3 mRNA were observed versus double and single treatments. There was decline in COX-2 protein expression in triple combinatorial case versus to double and single treated cells. These findings propose that SQD can be utilized as effective nano-radiosensitizer for the CRC treatment.