Evaluation the antibacterial activity of nanoantibiotics imipenem and ciprofloxacin loaded in human serum albumin against some antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria

Abstract

Introduction Microbial resistance is increasing worldwide. Investigations are underway to use nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents to reduce microbial resistance. Materials and methods Seven human pathogenic bacteria were selected according to common hospital infection bacteria: both gram-positive and negative. In this study, imipenem and ciprofloxacin antibiotics were used separately and in combination with human serum albumin and coacervation method for the preparation of nanoparticles. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to investigate the properties of nanoparticles. Antibacterial activity was determined and compared using the disk diffusion technique and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. Results The results of DLS for imipenem, ciprofloxacin and the combination of both antibiotics were 85 nm, 135 nm, and 120 nm, and for SEM were 79.9 nm, 122.2 nm, and 111 nm, respectively. All of the synthesized nanoparticles have a spherical shape. The antibacterial effect on the disk diffusion test for Acinetobacter baumannii bacteria was more noticeable in all three HSA nanoparticle compositions than other bacteria. The use of antibiotics in the form of HSA nanoparticles reduced the MIC. This value was more significant for nanoparticles carrying both ciprofloxacin and imipenem on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Conclusion From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the use of HSA nanoparticles carrying the aforementioned antibiotics has more antibacterial effect against the bacteria of this study, especially S. mutans, than their free form.