Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the spring season of 2017 at AL-Ramadi district, AL-Anbar Governorate, Iraq. The research was conducted in a silty Loam soil, to evaluate of the performance and used exudative irrigation tubes for previous season compared to drip irrigation in some hydraulic parameters: Irrigation systems, moisture distribution, Application efficiency cucumber crop factor of the and cucumber yield. The experiment was conducted according to randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Results showed an increase in uniformity coefficient at drip irrigation as it reached 97% compared with 96.2% for exudation, with variation percentage of 8.33% for drip irrigation and 11.32% for irrigation of exudative. Moisture content decreased with distance from emitters horizontally for the three growth stages and irrigation methods. Cucumber water consumptive use was 356.32 mm for exudative irrigation compared with 456.6 mm for drip irrigation with decrease 21.96 %. Exudative irrigation method significantly increased in WUE as it reached to 15.29 kg m-3 compared with 13.13 kg m-3 for drip irrigation with an increase of 12.82%. The result showed an increment in irrigation efficiency giving 89.12% for drip irrigation compared with 85.88% for exudative irrigation with an increase 3.64%. The crop factor was 0.61, 0.66, 0.77, and 0.51 for the initial vegetative growth stage, second vegetative growth stage, start of flowering and fruit set and end flowering and fruit set respectively.
Highlights
Researchers invented multiple ways to find solution of lack water complex continue keeping agriculture productivity of which use defect irrigation of all types (6), The use of drip irrigation system would be one of the important methods leads to rationalization of added water amount compared to traditional irrigation, the drip irrigation is known as adding water directly to the soil in a small quantities by emitters, The water added in quantity equivalent to evapotranspiration, move from these emitters horizontally and vertically in soil profile without big loss because the water applied less than range of infiltration rate in soil (27)
The irrigation methods with high efficiencies applied to using irrigation water included drip irrigation, Irrigation efficiency has reached more than compared with the traditional method at conditions in middle of Iraq (2), the crop can be exposed to water stress during growth season or during limited growth stages would be high bearing to this stress and this can be provided quantities from irrigation water it reduces the yield in a limited degree leading enter adding agriculture areas without necessary to provide a new sources to the water (20)
The system is composed from water tank installed on it a transparent plastic tube with a tape measure to calculate the quantity of water consumed daily from the tank to the exudations, main delivery tube, hydrant to tie the part of the main delivery tube with lateral lines, connecter of plastic with plastic rings with a silicone, exudation machine was made in Baghdad at the same time and so on avoid the difference in temperature and the exudation period and difference in the discharge, and the exceptions of it were excluded whether increase or decrease in the discharge, as in figure (1), as for the irrigation system for surface drip consists of water tank
Summary
The irrigation methods with high efficiencies applied to using irrigation water included drip irrigation, Irrigation efficiency has reached more than compared with the traditional method at conditions in middle of Iraq (2), the crop can be exposed to water stress during growth season or during limited growth stages would be high bearing to this stress and this can be provided quantities from irrigation water it reduces the yield in a limited degree leading enter adding agriculture areas without necessary to provide a new sources to the water (20). The water management is one of suitable way in arid and semi-arid areas, and it is an excellent style in controlling the amount of water according to needs of soil and plants during the growth stages to reach a high productivity.
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