Effect of Surface, Subsurface Drip Irrigation and Nanotechnology Perfusion Methods on Irrigation Efficiency and Saved Water Ratio in Plowed and Unplowed Soils

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted in Al-Habbaniyah district / Al- Khalidiya district / Al-Anbar governorate, western Iraq, in Silty loam soil during the fall season 2020, to study the effect of surface and subsurface drip irrigation and perfusion irrigation with nanotechnology on irrigation efficiency, the amount of added water and the percentage of water saving in plowed and non-plowed soils. Perfusion was done when 50% of the prepared water was depleted. The treatments were distributed according to the Nested-Factorial Experiments Design (NFED) with three replications. The yellow corn, cultivar Euphrates, was planted on 2020/15/7. The American evaporation basin, type A, was used in the timing of irrigation. According to the rate of water consumption in terms of the equivalent depth of the added water, the total yield and the efficiency of water use. The results of the study showed the uniqueness of the drip irrigation system by giving the highest irrigation efficiency of 100% for the two plowing modes, while the surface drip irrigation system gave an irrigation efficiency of 83% in the uncultivated soil, and the lowest amount of water was added during the season, which amounted to 5215 m3. ha-1 in the nano-technology perfusion irrigation method with a savings rate of 29.97 and 13.19% compared with the surface drip irrigation method, while it reached 15.23 and 8% compared with the subsurface drip irrigation method in the plowed and non-plowed soils sequentially, the highest average total production was 11.7 tons of grain per hectare for the tillage and no-till treatment, and it decreased significantly to 7.5 tons ha-1 in the surface drip irrigation method, while the tillage treatments did not record significant differences in the short-term grain yield.