Abstract
Simple SummaryProstephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) is a major insect pest of stored maize and dried tubers of cassava, but also a wood-boring species. In the current study, we evaluated two chlorantraniliprole formulations, WG (wettable granule) and SC (suspension concentrate), as maize protectants against P. truncatus adults at 20, 25 and 30 °C. Both formulations performed similarly. The highest mortality was noted in chlorantraniliprole WG, at 10 ppm and 30 °C (98.9%), followed by chlorantraniliprole SC (96.1%), at the same dose and temperature. WG formulation was more effective at 10 ppm and 25 °C (92.8%) than SC formulation (89.4%). No progeny production was noted on maize treated the WG formulation at 20 and 30 °C. The SC formulation caused complete offspring suppression at 10 ppm at all three tested temperatures. The results indicate that chlorantraniliprole is an effective compound with a high insecticidal activity against T. truncatus that depends on temperature, dose and exposure.The larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) is one of the most destructive insect pests of stored maize and dried tubers of cassava, and a wood-boring species. In the present study, we examined two chlorantraniliprole formulations, WG (wettable granule) with 350 g/kg active ingredient (a.i.) and SC (suspension concentrate) with 200 g/L a.i., as maize protectants against P. truncatus adults. Chlorantraniliprole formulations were applied as solutions at 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 ppm, and tested at 20, 25 and 30 °C. Both formulations performed similarly. After 7 days of exposure, the overall mortality provided by both formulations was very low (<17%). Seven days later, mortality was remarkably increased on maize treated with 1 and 10 ppm at 25 and 30 °C for both formulations. The highest mortality was noted in chlorantraniliprole WG, at 10 ppm and 30 °C (98.9%), followed by chlorantraniliprole SC (96.1%), at the same dose and temperature. WG formulation was more effective at 10 ppm and 25 °C (92.8%) than SC formulation (89.4%). No progeny production was noted on maize treated with the WG formulation at 20 and 30 °C. The SC formulation caused complete offspring suppression at 10 ppm at all three tested temperatures. The results of the present work indicate that chlorantraniliprole is an effective compound with a high insecticidal activity against T. truncatus on stored maize that depends on temperature, dose and exposure interval. The fact that chlorantraniliprole is a broad-spectrum insecticide, exhibiting low toxicity to mammals and beneficial arthropods, could be a valuable management tool in storage facilities.
Highlights
The novel insecticide, chlorantraniliprole belongs to the chemical class of anthranilic diamides [1,2] that exhibits low toxicity to mammals [3] or to beneficial arthropods [4,5] and high toxicity to insect targets [6]
Kavallieratos et al [18] reported that two chlorantraniliprole formulations were effective against the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), the psocid Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae), the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae), the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and T. confusum on six different commodities
The following two chlorantraniliprole formulations were used for the experiments: Altacor® WG with 350 g/kg active ingredient (a.i.) and Coragen® SC with 200 g/L a.i., both provided by Dupont (Halandri, Greece)
Summary
The novel insecticide, chlorantraniliprole belongs to the chemical class of anthranilic diamides [1,2] that exhibits low toxicity to mammals [3] or to beneficial arthropods [4,5] and high toxicity to insect targets [6]. This insecticide has a unique mode of action, i.e., it activates the ryanodine receptor in insects’ muscles causing the release of cellular calcium that provokes termination of feeding, lethargy, paralysis of muscles and eventually leads to death [2,3,7]. Kavallieratos et al [18] reported that two chlorantraniliprole formulations were effective against the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), the psocid Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae), the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae), the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and T. confusum on six different commodities (i.e., barley, maize, oats, peeled rice, whole rice and wheat)
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