Abstract
Indigenous plants have been grown naturally and vigorously in copper contaminated soils. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the phytoremediation ability of two indigenous plants naturally grown in two vineyard soils copper contaminated, and in a copper mining waste. However, it was evaluated the macro and micronutrient uptake and the potential of phytoremediation. So, a greenhouse study was carried out with Bidens pilosa and Plantago lanceolata in samples of vineyard soils (Inceptisol and Mollisol) copper contaminated, and in a copper mining waste. Plant growth, macro and micronutrient up take, tolerance index (TI), translocation factor (TF), metal extraction ratio (MER), bioaccumulation factor (BCF), plant effective number of the shoots (PENs), and plant effective number of the total plant (PENt) were analyzed. Both plants grown in vineyard soils showed high phytomass production and TI. P. lanceolata plants cultivated in the Inceptisol showed the highest copper concentrations in the shoots (142 mg kg-1), roots (964 mg kg-1) and entire plants (1,106 mg kg-1). High levels of copper were phytoaccumulated from the Inceptisol by B. pilosa and P. lanceolata with 3,500 and 2,200 g ha-1 respectively. Both B. pilosa and P. lanceolata plants showed characteristics of high copper hyperaccumulator. Results showed that both species play an important role in the natural copper phytoaccumulation in both vineyard soils contaminated with copper, being important to its phytoremediation.
Highlights
Indigenous plants have been grown naturally and vigorously in copper contaminated soils
Both B. pilosa and P. lanceolata grown vigorously in the both vineyard soils contaminated with copper; they poorly grown in the copper mining waste (Figures 1 and 2)
B. pilosa plants cultivated in the Mollisol and Inceptisol showed the highest green mass production of the shoots (8.4 and 8.1 g pot–1, respectively) and roots (14.6 and 9.3 g pot–1, respectively) (Figure 2A), and dry mass of the shoots (1.6 and 1.3 g pot–1, respectively) and roots (1.2 and 0.77 g pot–1, respectively) (Figure 2B)
Summary
Indigenous plants have been grown naturally and vigorously in copper contaminated soils. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytoremediation ability of two indigenous plants naturally grown in two vineyard soils copper contaminated, and in a copper mining waste It was evaluated the macro and micronutrient uptake and the potential of phytoremediation. Macro and micronutrient up take, tolerance index (TI), translocation factor (TF), metal extraction ratio (MER), bioaccumulation factor (BCF), plant effective number of the shoots (PENs), and plant effective number of the total plant (PENt) were analyzed. Both plants grown in vineyard soils showed high phytomass production and TI. Results showed that both species play an important role in the natural copper phytoaccumulation in both vineyard soils contaminated with copper, being important to its phytoremediation
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