Abstract
Down syndrome is the most common life compatible chromosomal disorder responsible for the majority of mental retardation and deaths in infancy and childhood. The current study intended to evaluate the thyroid disorders in Sudanese patients with Down syndrome by assessment of thyroid function tests (T3, T4 & TSH) . It was descriptive case control study, carried out in Khartoum, the capital of Sudan, from March to July 2018. It included fifty (50) participants, thirty (30) of them as case group with Down syndrome and twenty (20) normal healthy subjects as control group. Their ages ranged from seven (7) to twenty eight (28) years.
 The study findings showed significant variation in TSH level with mean (2.66 ), (1.67 ) in case and control group respectively with P. value (0.001). There was also significant variation when compared children and adults mean TSH level (1.88 ),(2.59 ) with P. value of (0.03). There was insignificant differences in T3 level with mean SD(1.04 .32),(1.11 ) between case and control group respectively with P. value of (0.08) . There was also insignificant difference in T4 level with mean (6.09 ),(6.40 ) in case and control group respectively with P. value of (0.7). There were also insignificant differences in T4 and T3 levels between the age groups. As regard to the gender of the patients, there were insignificant differences of TSH, T4, and T3
Highlights
BACKGROUNDDown syndrome (DS), is congenital anomaly caused by supernumerary copies of the whole chromosome twenty-one (21) and refer to as Trisomy or Mongolism
This finding agreed with the result of Cutler AT, et al, who demonstrated that the Down syndrome cohort had mildly increased (TSH) [3]
It agreed with result of Prasher V& Gomez G. who showed that Down syndrome patients appear to have high-normal plasma thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels [4]
Summary
Down syndrome (DS), is congenital anomaly caused by supernumerary copies of the whole chromosome twenty-one (21) and refer to as Trisomy or Mongolism. It is the most common, compatible with life chromosomal defect in human. It is associated with high incidence of other congenital anomalies such as cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations [1]. The clinical features of Down syndrome include flat face with oblique palpebral fissures and epicanthic folds, simian hand crease and severe mental retardation. Forty (40%) percent have congenital heart disease, especially endocardial cushion, defects, which is responsible for the majority of deaths in infancy and childhood.
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