Abstract
The goal of this paper is evaluation of the volume measurement optical method suitability for determining relative compaction of soils. The Structure for Motion technique was utilized in order to achieve the goal by making the three-dimensional models (with Bentley ContextCapture software). Created models were used in volume measurement of the pit-holes. The results were compared with the basic methods: the sand cone test and the water method. The laboratory tests were carried out in two stages. In the first stage, the optical method was tested in similar to operating conditions. Ten holes were made in the soil and the volumes were measured with three different methods. The results were compared and submitted for statistical analysis. Statistical analysis showed the potential of optical method. The second laboratory test focused on repeatability and accuracy of measurement. The volume of the vessel imitating a pit-hole was obtained. The results of the second stage showed that the optical method has better accuracy and lower statistical dispersion compared with sand method. On this basis it can be concluded that optical method of volume measurement has great potential in soil compaction testing.
Highlights
Relative compaction Is is one of the most important parameters influencing the performance of embankments, soils foundations and subbase layers
The insights presented in this paper shows the high potential of application of the optical method in innovative procedures of soil compaction testing
On the basis of the results it can be concluded that the optical method of the volume measurement has a large potential
Summary
Relative compaction Is is one of the most important parameters influencing the performance of embankments, soils foundations and subbase layers. Where: ρd: Dry bulk density of the tested soil [g/cm3], ρds: Maximum dry bulk density of the soil obtained in Proctor compaction [2] [g/cm3], M ρd = V(10100+0 w) (2). The shape of the element can be captured on the basis of many images captured with at least one camera (image from different perspectives) – Structure for Motion (SfM) Such a solution is applied in both open and commercial software (eg Bentley ContextCapture [3]). There are known solutions allowing for the shape measurement by analyzing a series of the images of the surface covered which the projected pattern (grid, line, stripes) using structural lighting or a laser beam [4]
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