Abstract
AbstractThe simulation skills of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) pattern for the CMIP6 models are evaluated in this study. Both the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) and historical experiments are utilized to understand the effect of SST forcing and air–sea interaction. The spatial correlation coefficient, standard deviation, and root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) are used as the objective metrics. The results suggest that the multimodel mean (MME) for both AMIP and historical data could capture the basic spatial patterns of the SAM for all seasons, featuring the opposite sign between the middle and high latitudes with a zonal three‐wave structure in the middle latitudes (positive phase). However, the overall skill of the AMIP simulation is higher than that of the historical simulation, which could be attributed to realistic SST forcing being applied. The simulation skill varies for different seasons: the skill for boreal spring (March–May [MAM]) is the lowest, while it is highest in boreal winter (December–February [DJF]). Further analysis shows that the simulations of the SAM asymmetric part are the key component for the simulation of the spatial pattern of the SAM, especially sensitive in MAM. The wave–current interaction simulation at mid–high latitudes is suggested to be improved for the advancement of SAM simulations in future model development.
Published Version
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