EVALUATION OF THE PRODUCTIVITY OF VARIOUS WINTER APPLE VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SEESIDE LOWLAND PLAIN ZONE OF DAGESTAN

Abstract

The aim of the work was the biological assessment of the formation of productivity of winter apple varieties and the identification of the most promising for cultivation in the conditions of Southern Dagestan. The research was carried out in 2017-2020 in the twenties in the scientific and experimental landfill. The objects of research were winter apple varieties Renet Simirenko, Starkrimson, Winter saffron 2006 planting on the rootstock M4. In the years of the research, the weather conditions did not differ from the average annual ones and were always favorable for the fruiting of apple varieties, it should be noted that they are typical for the entire southern plain zone. All the studied apple varieties were distinguished by the regularity of fruiting, so the spur variety Starkrimson had a high productivity of about 238–324 c/ha for 4 years. It is established that the variety has a high annual yield and early fruitfulness, due to its low growth, and is also the most technologically convenient. It was revealed that the average weight of Starkrimson apple fruit (M4 rootstock) at the age of 11 years was 162 g, and the maxi- mum fruit weight reached 185 g. The differences between the studied varieties of Renet Simirenko (control) and Winter saffron were significant. In the control variety, the fruits were larger (132.5 g) than in the Winter Saffron variety (58.8 g). Mathematical processing of the results of the experiment confirms the reliability of the obtained increase in yield of apple trees on experience and years of research. We recommend varieties that have high productivity, taste and commercial qualities of fruits, and drought resistance for conditions characterized by aridity, an abundance of heat and light. The results of the work can be used to replenishment of the gene pool of winter apple varieties in Southern Dagestan, as well as to analyze the soil and climatic conditions for existing plantings of southern fruit growing. The soil-climatic and landscape-relief conditions of the microzones of Southern Dagestan are the most favorable for stable fruiting in accordance with the agro-climatic requirements of the culture.