Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties of piperine (PP) in ground mixtures (GMs) of PP with α-, β-, or γ-cyclodextrin (CD) under conditions of humidity, heat, and humidity-heat. In solid-state fluorescence measurements, the fluorescence maxima for GM (PP/αCD = 1/2), GM (PP/βCD = 1/1), and GM (PP/γCD = 1/1) were observed at 463, 472, and 469 nm, respectively. On the other hand, the humidified GMs exhibited maxima at 454, 460, and 465 nm, while the humidified-heated samples displayed fluorescence maxima at 455, 455, and 469 nm, respectively. Therefore, the molecular behavior of PP with α, β, and γCD was concluded to vary upon the coordination of water molecules. NIR and solid-state fluorescence measurements revealed that the molecular behavior of PP inside the α, β, and γCD cavity changed by water and heat factors depends on the mobility of the methylenedioxyphenyl group.
Highlights
Pepper is a household spice widely used in food additives and seasonings
PP was purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Co., Ltd. αCD, βCD, and γCD were kindly donated by CycloChem Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan), and used after storage at 40∘C with a relative humidity (RH) of 82% for seven days
ground mixtures (GMs) were prepared by grounding the samples (1.0 g) for 60 min using a vibration rod mill (TI-500ET, CMT Co.) at molar ratios of PP/αCD 6.6-hydrate = 1/2, PP/βCD 10.5hydrate = 1/1, and PP/γCD 12-hydrate = 1/1
Summary
Pepper is a household spice widely used in food additives and seasonings. Pepper is an important component of traditional medicine in Asian countries. The demand for pepper is increasing with the rapid development of seasonings [1]. PP has been found to significantly reduce serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in high fat-fed rats [2]. PP significantly increases high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and its beneficial effects have been reported to reduce dyslipidemia [3]. PP displays beneficial food functions such as nutrient absorption promotion and anti-inflammatory and antidepressant action [4,5,6]. As a major component of pepper, PP is expected to have diverse applications. Changes in the amide group of PP influence the intensity of its physiological function [8]
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