Abstract
Polyphenols are secondary metabolites of plants and include a variety of chemical structures, from simple molecules such as phenolic acids to condensed tannins and highly polymerized compounds. Caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid) is one of the hydroxycinnamate metabolites more widely distributed in plant tissues. It is present in many food sources, including coffee drinks, blueberries, apples, and cider, and also in several medications of popular use, mainly those based on propolis. Its derivatives are also known to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, and antibacterial activities, and can contribute to the prevention of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases. This review is an overview of the available information about the chemical synthesis and antioxidant activity of caffeic acid derivatives. Considering the relevance of these compounds in human health, many of them have been the focus of reviews, taking as a center their obtaining from the plants. There are few revisions that compile the chemical synthesis methods, in this way, we consider that this review does an important contribution.
Highlights
Polyphenols are secondary metabolites of plants and include a variety of chemical structures, from simple molecules such as phenolic acids to condensed tannins and highly polymerized compounds. e bene ts of polyphenols on human health are o en ascribed to their potential ability to act as antioxidants [1, 2]. e phenolic derivatives, such as ca eic acid, catechol, catechin, vanillic acid, eugenol, and thymol, act as natural antimicrobial agents
It is present in many food sources, including co ee drinks, blueberries, apples, and cider [26], and in several medications of popular use, mainly those based on propolis
Yang et al [58] synthesize N-Propargyl ca eate amide (PACA) transforming this compound into di-O-acetyl-ca eic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester via the reaction with N,N′-disuccinimidyl carbonate in DMF. is ester is transformed in propargyl amide by reaction with the corresponding amine, which simultaneously removes the O-acetyl groups (Figure 2)
Summary
Polyphenols are secondary metabolites of plants and include a variety of chemical structures, from simple molecules such as phenolic acids to condensed tannins and highly polymerized compounds. e bene ts of polyphenols on human health are o en ascribed to their potential ability to act as antioxidants [1, 2]. e phenolic derivatives, such as ca eic acid, catechol, catechin, vanillic acid, eugenol, and thymol, act as natural antimicrobial agents. Polyphenols are secondary metabolites of plants and include a variety of chemical structures, from simple molecules such as phenolic acids to condensed tannins and highly polymerized compounds. E bene ts of polyphenols on human health are o en ascribed to their potential ability to act as antioxidants [1, 2]. E phenolic derivatives, such as ca eic acid, catechol, catechin, vanillic acid, eugenol, and thymol, act as natural antimicrobial agents. Ca eic acid (3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid) is one of the hydroxycinnamate metabolites more widely distributed in plant tissues. It is present in many food sources, including co ee drinks, blueberries, apples, and cider [26], and in several medications of popular use, mainly those based on propolis. Polyphenol and its derivatives may be obtained through organic synthesis methodologies from ca eic acid itself or from other chemical precursors
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