Abstract
Over the past several decades, urban flooding and other water-related disasters have become increasingly prominent and serious. Although the urban rain flood model’s benefits for urban flood simulation have been extensively documented, the impact of rainfall input to model simulation accuracy remains unclear. This systematic review aims to provide structured research on how rain inputs impact urban rain flood model’s simulation accuracy. The selected 48 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2015 and 2019 on the Web of Science™ database were analyzed by key factors, including rainfall input type, calibration times and verification times. The results from meta-analysis reveal that when a traditional rain measurement was used as the rainfall input, model simulation accuracy was higher, i.e., the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) of traditional technology for rain measurement was higher than the 0.18 for the new technology rain measurement with respect to flow simulation. In addition, the single-field sub-flood calibration model was better than the multi-field sub-flood calibration model. NSE was higher than 0.14. The precision was better for the verification period; NSE of the calibration value showed a 0.07 higher verification value on average in flow simulation. These findings have certain significance for the development of future urban rain flood models and propose the development direction of the future urban rain flood model. Finally, in view of the rainfall input problem of the urban storm flood model, we propose the future development direction of the urban storm flood model.
Highlights
The frequent occurrence of urban flood events has caused severe losses to human life and property worldwide [1]
15 countries, published in 42 journals, and (2) employment of a meta-analysis [20] method to build a areas in countries, published in journals, and employment of a meta-analysis method framework to quantitatively evaluate the simulation results of the model based on rainfall input. to build a framework to quantitatively evaluate the simulation results of the model based on rainfall
Urban flood models can be divided into empirical models, conceptual models, and physical models [31]
Summary
The frequent occurrence of urban flood events has caused severe losses to human life and property worldwide [1]. Climate change and the urban rain island effect have exacerbated the problem via increasing occurrence of extreme rainfall events [2]. Continuous development and expansion of cities have led to the transformation of natural permeable surfaces into impervious underlay surfaces, which accelerate the formation of runoff [3]. Continuous economic development has led to more severe flood losses [4]. The increasing complexity and harmfulness of urban flood events have made urban rain and flood issues important research topics. The goal is to alleviate or even solve the problem of urban flooding
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