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Abstract
Biomolecule grafting on polyether ether ketone (PEEK) was used to improve cell affinity caused by surface inertness. This study demonstrated the sequence-polished (P) and sulfonated (SA) PEEK modification to make a 3D structure, active biomolecule graftings through PEEK silylation (SA/SI) and then processed with phosphatidylcholine (with silylation of SA/SI/PC; without SA/PC) and type I collagen (COL I, with silylation of SA/SI/C; without SA/C). Different modified PEEKs were implanted for 4, 8, and 12 weeks for histology. Sulfonated PEEK of SA showed the surface roughness was significantly increased; after the silylation of SA/SI, the hydrophilic nature was remarkably improved. The biomolecules were effectively grafted through silylation, and the cells showed improved attachment after 1 h. Furthermore, the SA/SI/PC group showed good in vitro mineralization. The new bone tissues were integrated into the 3D porous structures of SA/SI/PC and SA/SI/C in vivo making PEEK a potential alternative to metals in orthopedic implants.
Highlights
Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is suitable for bone implant materials because of its good mechanical, chemical stability and thermal properties [1]
The sample dimension used in this experiment after PEEK sulfonation would expand, which increased in size and varied slightly with an outer diameter of approximately 8.28 ± 0.03 mm from 7.99 ± 0.02 mm (Figure 2a)
This study demonstrated the use of sulfonation, silylation, and grafting of different active biomolecules to improve the surface and biological performances of PEEK
Summary
Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is suitable for bone implant materials because of its good mechanical, chemical stability and thermal properties [1]. Many commonly used surface modification strategies to enhance bio-bonding forces are known, including sandblasting [12], plasma spraying [13], oxygen plasma [14], neutral atom beam [15], nitrogen plasma [16], and acid etching [17]. In addition to these physiochemical modifications, biological grafts can be used. Another strategy used is depositing calcium phosphates into PEEK and further coating with antibiotics that have antibacterial and osteogenic activities [23]
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