Abstract
Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is a non-toxic polymer with elastic modulus close to human bone. Compared with metal implants, PEEK has advantages such as evasion of stress shielding effect, easy processing, and similar color as teeth, among others. Therefore, it is an excellent substitute material for titanium dental orthopedic implants. However, PEEK’s biological inertia limits its use as an implant. To change PEEK’s biological inertia and increase its binding ability with bone tissue as an implant, researchers have explored a number of modification methods to enhance PEEK’s biological activities such as cellular compatibility, osteogenic activity, and antibacterial activity. This review summarizes current biological activity modification methods for PEEK, including surface modification and blending modification, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each modification method. We believe that modified PEEK will be a promising dental and orthopedic implant material.
Highlights
Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is a member of the polyaryletherketone family, which has an aromatic backbone combining the ketone and ether functional groups between the aryl rings
The cellular experiment results showed that compared with pure PEEK, treated PEEK significantly enhanced adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (adMSCs). These results indicated that plasma treatment can effectively enhance the biological activity of PEEK surface. These results showed that PEEK treated with oxygen and ammonia plasma could better bind to bone tissue, achieving the modification purpose of improving PEEK biological activity and promoting bone binding formation around the implant
These results indicated that Accelerated neutral atom beam (ANAB) technology can effectively improve PEEK biological activity, which may be enhanced by introducing various active groups on PEEK surface
Summary
Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is a member of the polyaryletherketone family, which has an aromatic backbone combining the ketone and ether functional groups between the aryl rings. The number of surfactant groups in each sample group was measured, and the results showed that the number of surface-active groups in the sample group modified by ANAB method was significantly higher than that of the unmodified sample group and the plasma-treated sample group These results proved that both ANAB modification and plasma modification could increase PEEK bioactivity by forming hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on PEEK surface; the modification effect of ANAB technology was better than that of plasma treatment. Subsequent in vitro biological experiments and animal experiments showed that ANAB-technology modified samples were more conducive to mineral deposition, effectively improved the ability of cell adhesion and proliferation, and the expression of genes related to cell osteogenesis; they formed good bone binding in animals These results indicated that ANAB technology can effectively improve PEEK biological activity, which may be enhanced by introducing various active groups on PEEK surface. The binding strength between PEEK and the active substance bound by chemical bonds is better than the physical method, and there are many biologically active substances to choose from
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