Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to explore the existence of golden proportion (GP) between the widths of maxillary anterior teeth and golden standard (GS) for width to height ratio of maxillary central incisor in individuals with attractive and non-attractive smiles. Material and Methods: A total 82 females were recruited and divided into 2 groups: attractive smile (n=41) and non-attractive smile (n=41). Frontal photographs were taken, scanned, and saved in a personal computer. The apparent mesiodistal width of each anterior tooth was measured. The data were analyzed using the appropriate statistical tests at a P-value of <0.05. Results: Frequency of GP was very low among the total sample, and most proportions were higher than GP. No significant differences were found between both groups in relation to central-to-lateral ratio while, significant differences were found in relation to canine-to-lateral ratio. Similarly, most proportions of width to height ratio were higher than GS. Differences between groups were significant for the left side and for both sides (P<0.05) but was not for the right side (P>0.05). Conclusion: Frequency of the golden proportion was very low among the study population. Smile attractiveness was not greatly related to the proportions between the teeth. KeywordsGolden proportion; Golden standard; Attractive smile; Esthetic; Anterior teeth.
Highlights
Study of the face started thousands of years ago
Considering the current debate regarding the applicability of golden proportions, the present study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of the golden proportion between the perceived widths of maxillary anterior teeth in a sample of adult Sudanese women
Studies conducted by Condon et al [43] and Al-kaisy et al [44] found that the golden ratio existed for the central to lateral ratio among Irish and Iraqi and Kurdish samples, respectively
Summary
Clinicians, artists, and sculptors are more interested in the face form and its features. The ability to modify the face form requires thorough understanding of the facial beauty/esthetics and proportions/ symmetry of the face. Several guidelines have been proposed to describe the symmetry and typical proportions of the face. Golden proportions (GP) have been widely used for the ideal human face [1]. The golden proportion was defined as phi, and was found to be equal to 1.618 (≈ 1.62). It has been found to be often associated with esthetics and harmony in many fields in nature such as mathematics, geometry, morphology of flowers, sea shells, mammals, and the human body and face [2,3,4]. Golden ratios for anterior teeth was mentioned for the first time by Lombardi [5]
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