Evaluation of the Effect of Granite Waste Powder by Varying the Molarity of Activator on the Mechanical Properties of Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag-Based Geopolymer Concrete.

Fatheali A Shilar,I S Yahia,Sharanabasava V Ganachari,Veerabhadragouda B Patil,Abdel-Haleem Abdel-Aty,Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar

doi:10.3390/polym14020306

Abstract

Industrial waste such as Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBS) and Granite Waste Powder (GWP) is available in huge quantities in several states of India. These ingredients have no recognized application and are usually shed in landfills. This process and these materials are sources of severe environmental pollution. This industrial waste has been utilized as a binder for geopolymers, which is our primary focus. This paper presents the investigation of the optimum percentage of granite waste powder as a binder, specifically, the effect of molar and alkaline to binder (A/B) ratio on the mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete (GPC). Additionally, this study involves the use of admixture SP-340 for better performance of workability. Current work focuses on investigating the effect of a change in molarity that results in strength development in geopolymer concrete. The limits for the present work were: GGBS partially replaced by GWP up to 30%; molar ranging from 12 to 18 with the interval of 2 M; and A/B ratio of 0.30. For 16 M of GPC, a maximum slump was observed for GWP with 60 mm compared to other molar concentration. For 16 M of GPC, a maximum compressive strength (CS) was observed for GWP with 20%, of 33.95 MPa. For 16 M of GPC, a maximum STS was observed for GWP, with 20%, of 3.15 MPa. For 16 M of GPC, a maximum FS was observed for GWP, with 20%, of 4.79 MPa. Geopolymer concrete has better strength properties than conventional concrete. GPC is $13.70 costlier than conventional concrete per cubic meter.

Highlights

An interesting picture in the March 2020 issue of National Geographic magazine showed that, annually, the world economy uses more than 100,000 million tons of natural resources
For 12 M of geopolymer concrete (GPC), maximum slump was observed for Granite Waste Powder (GWP) with 0% (100% Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBS)) with 54 mm and minimum slump observed for GWP with 30% with 41 mm
For 14 M of GPC, maximum slump observed for GWP with 0% (100% GGBS) with 57 mm and minimum slump observed for GWP with 30% with 49 mm

Summary

Introduction

An interesting picture in the March 2020 issue of National Geographic magazine showed that, annually, the world economy uses more than 100,000 million tons of natural resources (an average of 13 tons per person). The construction materials manufacturing industry, notably the concrete sector, is having difficulty meeting market demand due to the scarcity of limestone of higher quality [3]. Concrete is responsible for 5% to 6% of global carbon emissions and there is a demand for new material to meet the expectations of the industry and customers [4]. Geopolymer binder is recognized as a viable alternative to cementitious material because of its inherent merits of low embodied energy and lower carbon emission into the environment [6]. Geopolymer concrete (GPC) is formulated by the activation of industrial by-products containing supplementary cementitious materials with alkaline activators [2,7]. A geopolymer precursor can be any source of silica and alumina dissolved in an alkaline solution termed activating solution [10]. FA, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), and metakaolin (MK) have sparked much attention because of their excellent mechanical characteristics and greater purity due to the uniformity of their chemical composition [8,11]

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