Abstract
Added resistance in waves is one of the main causes of an increase in required power when a ship operates in actual service conditions. The assessment of added resistance in waves is important from both an economic and environmental point of view, owing to increasingly stringent rules set by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) with the aim to reduce CO2 emission by ships. For that reason, it is desirable to evaluate the added resistance in waves already in the preliminary ship design stage both in regular and irregular waves. Ships are traditionally designed and optimized with respect to calm water conditions. Within this research, the effect of prismatic coefficient, longitudinal position of the centre of buoyancy, trim, pitch radius of gyration, and ship speed on added resistance is investigated for the KCS (Kriso Container Ship) container ship in regular head waves and for different sea states. The calculations are performed using the 3D panel method based on Kelvin type Green function. The results for short waves are corrected to adequately take into account the diffraction component. The obtained results provide an insight into the effect of variation of ship characteristics on added resistance in waves.
Highlights
The ship hull is traditionally designed and optimized for calm water conditions, while an increase in the ship resistance owing to sailing in waves is being taken into account via sea margin
It can be noticed that the diffraction part of added resistance in short waves increases as the prismatic coefficient increases, which means that the fore part of ship is fuller
The mean value of added resistance was calculated for six sea states by means of spectral analysis based on two theoretical wave energy spectra, Table 4
Summary
The ship hull is traditionally designed and optimized for calm water conditions, while an increase in the ship resistance owing to sailing in waves is being taken into account via sea margin. The assessment of added resistance ensures the ability of the ship to sail in severe sea states, as well as the possibility to estimate fuel consumption, with the aim of reducing operating costs and emissions of harmful gases This is of particular importance from the environmental protection point of view and in accordance with regulations introduced by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). It is possible to evaluate a change in added resistance for different hull form characteristics rather than optimizing the hull for calm water conditions only It would enable the estimation of the effect of particular loading conditions on added resistance as early as in the preliminary design stage
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