Abstract
With the rapid progression of additive manufacturing and the emergence of new 3D printing technologies, accuracy assessment is mostly being performed on isosymmetric-shaped test bodies. However, the accuracy of anatomic models can vary. The dimensional accuracy of root mean square values in terms of trueness and precision of 50 mandibular replicas, printed with five common printing technologies, were evaluated. The highest trueness was found for the selective laser sintering printer (0.11 ± 0.016 mm), followed by a binder jetting printer (0.14 ± 0.02 mm), and a fused filament fabrication printer (0.16 ± 0.009 mm). However, highest precision was identified for the fused filament fabrication printer (0.05 ± 0.005 mm) whereas other printers had marginally lower values. Despite the statistically significance (p < 0.001), these differences can be considered clinically insignificant. These findings demonstrate that all 3D printing technologies create models with satisfactory dimensional accuracy for surgical use. Since satisfactory results in terms of accuracy can be reached with most technologies, the choice should be more strongly based on the printing materials, the intended use, and the overall budget. The simplest printing technology (fused filament fabrication) always scored high and thus is a reliable choice for most purposes.
Highlights
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a rapidly evolving technology already used in various industries such as fashion, research and development, food, architecture, construction, aerospace, and healthcare
In healthcare, various disciplines benefit from the new capabilities of computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) and 3D printing [1,2]
Our findings prove that unlike any other study with a wide range of 3D printing technologies and new digital measurement methods and despite the ranking of printer accuracy, each 3D printer is highly accurate and suitable for all medical–surgical applications
Summary
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a rapidly evolving technology already used in various industries such as fashion, research and development, food, architecture, construction, aerospace, and healthcare. With the constant technical improvements in computer technology, the field of three-dimensional (3D) printing has simultaneously progressed. Several 3D printing technologies, such as fused filament fabrication (FFF), stereolithography (SLA), selective laser sintering (SLS), material jetting (MJ), and binder jetting (BJ), are used side by side in the healthcare sector. All these technologies have different advantages and limitations and apply to different fields of medicine and dentistry. With the continuous development of each individual technology, none stand out significantly from the others and so all are represented in the daily medical routine
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