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Abstract
Considering the projected demand for protein supplementation in animal feed, as well as prioritizing plant-based protein provision for the growing human population, great stress is imposed on conventional protein sources, calling for new sustainable alternatives. In this regard, the production and application of single-cell proteins (SCPs) has proven to be a promising alternative. Therefore, in this study, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) effluents recovered from anaerobically digested FW, CKM, CM, and their combinations were applied for the cultivation of edible filamentous fungi Aspergillus oryzae. The biomass was further evaluated considering its protein, fat and alkali insoluble material contents. The maximum fungal biomass yielded of 0.47 ± 0.00 and 0.37 ± 0.00 g dry biomass/g tVFAsCODeq.consumed, with up to 47% protein and 5% fat content successfully cultivated in shake flasks and bench scale reactors, respectively. In addition to the production of protein-rich biomass, significant reductions in medium COD (25–58%) and ammonium (33–48%) were achieved. The results presented in this research work imply that using waste-derived VFAs for the production of animal feed grade SCP is an innovative approach that can contribute to the economy and sustainability of animal feed production process.
Highlights
This study aims to bring a novel perspective in animal feed sustainability by evaluating the potential of A. oryzae fungal biomass produced from waste-derived volatile fatty acids (VFAs)-rich effluent
A novel bioprocess was used to convert wastes to single-cell protein (SCP) using a two-step process of anaerobic digestion of the wastes to VFAs by a membrane bioreactor followed by the cultivation of the VFAs solution to the fungal biomass of Aspergillus oryzae
The present novel approach reports an original perspective in animal feed sustainability by evaluating the potential of A. oryzae fungal biomass produced from VFA effluents post anaerobic digestion of chicken manure, cow manure and food waste
Summary
The ever-increasing human population is predicted to reach more than 9 billion people by 2050 and is to bring an over 70% increase in food demand [1]. This will impose great stress on the animal production sector as the animal-derived protein global demand is estimated to nearly double in this period [2]. The scarcity of protein sources primarily arouses competition for arable land, water and fertilizers and subsequently rises prices. This has motivated the introduction of new protein sources such as single-cell proteins (SCPs) to cover for animal and human food protein deficiency as alternative supplements
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