Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the size and morphology of the sella turcica and cranial base in individuals with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), and to compare it with individuals showing Class III discrepancy due to maxillary deficiency (CL3) and with individuals having normal (CL1) craniofacial development. Materials and Method: This retrospective study was carried out on the lateral cephalogram tracings of UCLP (10 females, 4 males; 12.05±1.14 years), CL3 (10 females, 5 males; 11.73±0.89 years) and CL1 (10 females, 5 males; 13.11±1.11 years) patients. Linear and angular measurements related to sella turcica and cranial base were performed. Intergroup comparisons were either made with one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test or with Kruskal-Wallis test with Bonferroni adjustment (p<0.05). Spearman correlation coefficient was used for correlations (p<0.01). Results: The length of the maxilla (Co-A) was shorter in UCLP (p=0.035) and CL3 (p=0.001) than in CL1. Total cranial length (Ba-N) was greater in UCLP than in CL3 (p=0.012) and CL1 (p=0.016). Cranial base angle (N-S-Ar°) was less in CL3 than in UCLP (p=0.001) and CL1 (p=0.009). Ba-N (p=0.003) and anterior cranial length (S-N) (p=0.000) were positively correlated with Co-A. Posterior cranial length (S-Ba) was positively correlated with ramus height (Ar-Go) (p=0.001). The diameter of sella was bigger in CL1 than in CL3 (p=0.025). The prevalence of morphologic variations of sella turcica in UCLP was higher (71.4%) than in control groups. Conclusion: Although there was a Class III tendency in UCLP due to maxillary deficiency, cranial base flexure characteristic to CL3 anomalies was not seen in this group. The existence of UCLP or CL3 did not alter dimensions of sella turcica, but morphologic variations were more common in UCLP.
Highlights
Cranial base and sella turcica are the most commonly used cephalometric structures for orthodontic diagnosis and they are known to be closely related to the development of maxillomandibular complex and malocclusions.[1]
CONCLUSION: there was a Class III tendency in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) due to maxillary deficiency, cranial base flexure characteristic to CL3 anomalies was not seen in this group
The existence of UCLP or CL3 did not alter dimensions of sella turcica, but morphologic variations were more common in UCLP
Summary
Cranial base and sella turcica are the most commonly used cephalometric structures for orthodontic diagnosis and they are known to be closely related to the development of maxillomandibular complex and malocclusions.[1]. Anterior (sella to nasion points) and posterior parts (sella to basion points) of the cranial base coincide in the sella point (S) and form a flexion, which is defined as cranial base angle and measured between nasion-sella and basion (or articulare) points in lateral cephalometric radiographs.[2]. Abnormalities of the posterior and anterior cranial base are generally related to mandibular prognathism and retrusive maxilla, respectively. As Proff et al.[2] stated, these findings were commonly used to explain the developmental aspect of Class III due to mandibular prognathism but the relationship between cranial base and maxillary development still remains unclear
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