Evaluation of the Conformity of Care of Patients Hospitalized for Cervico-Facial Odontogenic Cellulitis in Yaounde-Cameroon

Abstract

Introduction: Cervicofacial odontogenic cellulitis is a poly-bacterial inflammatory process of the cellulo-adipal tissue involving the dental organ. The severity of its clinical picture can compromise its treatment and cause death. The vital prognosis of a hospitalized patient depends on the conformity of his management conditions. It is in this perspective that this study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the conformity of care of patients hospitalised for odontogenic cervico-facial cellulitis in Yaounde. Material and method: This was a descriptive and retrospective study that took place over 7 months during 2022, including all patients hospitalised for cervico-facial cellulitis of oral origin during a 3-year period, from 1er January 2019 to 31 December 2021 at the Yaoundé Central Hospital (HCY), the Yaoundé University Hospital (CHUY) and the Efoulan District Hospital (HDE). Socio-demographic characteristics, clinical and therapeutic aspects, and compliance with management were recorded. Data collection was done with a pre-designed form and the results were processed and analysed using SPSS version 26.0 and Excel 2013. Results: Out of 134 patient records collected, 67% were male with a sex ratio of 2.04. The age range Age group The age group [20-40] represented 56% of the cases. About 52.2% of the patients worked in the informal sector, followed by 25.4% of pupils and students. Trismus was present in 92.5% of cases. Cellulitis was diffuse in 81.3% of cases, suppurative in 73.9% and acute in 71.6%. Dual therapy with 99.3% Penicillin and 97.8% Imidazole was used in 69.4% of cases; the first level of Paracetamol was used in 94% as an analgesic. Antimalarial drugs were associated with the initial treatment in 5.2% of cases. Incision and drainage used in 52% of cases. The prescribed care was notified and regularly administered in 73.1% of cases; the case fatality rate was 15.7%, with sepsis as the cause in 80% of cases. All the records included the identification, the reason for hospitalisation and the therapeutic prescription. The elements of the hospitalization report, the prescription established at discharge and the conclusion of the clinical examination were contained in 84.3%, 94.8% and 97.8% of cases respectively. Conclusion: cellulitis affects resourceful men. Even if the compliance of the management conditions was found to be fair, the prognosis is vital with the severity of the infection.