Evaluation of the biochemical composition and commercial qualities of introduced apple varieties in the conditions of Dagestan

Abstract

The weight of a complex of unfavorable factors negatively affects the quality and sustainability of the resulting fruit products. One of the ways to increase the resistance of perennial plantations is the cultivation and introduction of apple varieties into the assortment that are complexly resistant to dominant diseases and stress factors. The main important property of varieties is the commercial quality and biochemical composition of fruits, which determine the main directions and taste qualities. Observations by IMI revealed patterns in the passage of the main phenological phases of the development of apple varieties, characterizing the greatest intervarietal variability, determined the dates characterizing the beginning and end of flowering, depending on the ripening period. The earliest flowering (13.04) and a long 16 days was noted in the summer variety of the Feya apple tree, and later in the late ripening Renet Simirenko (27.04) with a flowering time of eight days. Apple-tree varieties with high resistance to scab and powdery mildew were selected according to the ripening time: summer — Fortuna, autumn — Carmen and Talisman, winter — Talida, Nika. Identification of varietal characteristics of commercial qualities of fruits by attractiveness (fruit weight, taste, appearance) and varieties with a high content of dry matter (Fortuna, Nika), vitamin C — flying varieties Feya, Fortuna (17.0–14.5 mg / 100 g) were selected.