EVALUATION OF THE ACUTE TOXICITY, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANALGESIC ACTIVITIES OF FOUR PLANTS USED IN THE BENINESE PHARMACOPOEIA (ANNONA SENEGALENSIS, SARCOCEPHALUS LATIFOLIUS, COMBRETUM GLUTINOSUM AND DETARIUM MICROCARPUM)

Abstract

Inflammation and pain are a common feature of almost all non-communicable diseases. Annona senegalensis, Sarcocephaluslatifolius, Combretum glutinosum and Detariummicrocarpum have been traditionally used to treat different types of diseases. This study aimed to evaluate in-vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of these plants extracts, as well as their acute toxicity. The hydroethanolic extracts of the leaves were used for in-vivo tests on Wistar rats. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by the 2% formalin-induced edema test, while the analgesic activity was evaluated by the acetic acid test. The acute toxicity of the crude hydroethanol extract was evaluated by oral administration of the extract to Wistar rats. A single dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight was administered and the effects on biochemical parameters were evaluated. The two plants tested showed a significant analgesic activity with a percentage of inhibition of cramps of 85.37 % for D. microcarpum and 87.37 % for A.senegalensis compared to aspirin which is 45.07%. The percentage of edema inhibition at 100 mg/kg reached 37.47 % for Detariummicrocarpum and 68.0 % for Annona senegalensis against 34.10 % for diclofenac. The toxicity test performed on rats by the oral route at a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight showed no adverse effects and no deaths during the 14 days of observation.