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Abstract
ABSTRACT In Brazil, as the soybean crop expands the losses caused by nematodes as well as its incidence in producing areas have increased. Therefore, this work aimed to develop a non-genetically modified soybean which combines desirable traits as the root-knot nematode resistance, early-maturity, high seed yielding, and high oil and protein contents. Consequently, seeds (F2) derived from the double-crossing between (Guarani x Sambaiba) x (M Soy 6101 x Conquista) were bulked to grow the F3 generation. Following generations were advanced by the SSD method of breeding until F6. Thus, plants showing superior characteristics were planted separately to perform progeny tests and then advanced breeding lines were thoroughly tested and compared to standards in representative environments across several locations in the Midwestern region in Brazil. As a result, we developed an early-soybean with cycle-length of 107 days; usually cycles range from 90 to 160 days. It presents desirable traits as high yield (3677 kg ha-1), Brazilian national average ranged between 2.5 and 3 thousand kg ha-1; broad adaptability, with 19% of oil, and 38.4% of protein on the seeds. Oil and protein standard contents are 20% and 40%, respectively. In addition, it is root-knot nematode (Pratylenchus brachyurus) resistance, not differing statistically (RF = 1.70) from the expected value given by Crotalaria spectabilis (RF = 1.14). Accordingly, we recommend this new cultivar to producers that intend to grow a second crop of either corn or cotton in the summer, or for crop producing areas with high incidence of P. brachyurus.
Highlights
Further growth in world crop production will be accomplished mostly by increasing yield; the global cereal area is expected to grow only marginally, while an expansion on soybean area is projected to satisfy animal feed and vegetable oil demands
F6 seeds were grown separately to perform the progeny tests in a randomized block design, with three replications. These tests were conducted across many locations over 2 years, and promising advanced breeding lines were thoroughly compared to appropriate cultivar standards in representative environments across several locations in the states of Minas Gerais (MG), Goiás (GO) Mato Grosso (MT) and São Paulo (SP)
The frogeye spot can appear at almost any stage of culture; the highest incidence is generally observed of the R1 stage
Summary
Further growth in world crop production will be accomplished mostly by increasing yield; the global cereal area is expected to grow only marginally, while an expansion on soybean area is projected to satisfy animal feed and vegetable oil demands. Soybean seeds are mainly used as a supplement in feed rations for livestock; such as poultry and swine, and recently in aquaculture; its industrial uses range from the production of yeasts and antibodies to manufacture of soaps and disinfectants. Concerning human consumption, this is mainly used as purified oil, in margarine, shortenings, cooking and salad oils. Brazilian soybean production is prospected to grow at 2.6% per annum (p.a.), the fastest of the major producers as more additional land is available, compared to Argentina (2.1% p.a.) and the United States (1.0% p.a.) (OECD/FAO, 2017; Rüdelsheim; Smets, 2012)
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