Evaluation of somaclonal variation in triticale plants regenerated from mature embryos by in vitro culture and treatment with gamma-rays

Abstract

The Triticale regenerants (SC0) of 3 genotypes (Ingen 35, Ingen 93, 188TR5021) were obtained by calluso-genesis from irradiated mature embryos with gamma rays (150 Gy). The evaluation of the somaclones revealed changes in the quantitative traits: plant height, spike length, apical internode length, number of productive tillers and internodes per plant, number of grains, grains weight per plant. It was found that in vitro culture and gamma irradiation induced significant variations at the level of 95 – 99,9% of the characters studied in triticale SC1 and SC2 somaclones The mean value of 4 traits (plant height, spike length, number of grains and grains weight) of somaclones, SC2 (Ingen 93, in vitro and 188 TR5021, RAD) were higher than the control. The analysis of variance shows that the maximum contribution was manifested by the genotype (30,77%) and the interaction of genotype x radiation (17,28-41,62%) and genotype x in vitro culture (21,32-40,45%) depending on the character (99,9%). The obtained results confirm the contribution of researched factors to increase the genetic variability in triticale