Abstract
Urban riverfront space has diversified ecosystem services, but due to excessive changes in the geographical environment, such as drastic changes in land use, people gain social value at a great ecological cost. Obtaining benefits from the ecosystem in this way is not sustainable. Therefore, this paper uses the SolVES model to evaluate the social value of ecosystem services on the east bank of the Fenghe River, while also studying the contribution of different environmental variables to social value. The main results are as follows. (1) Environmental variables affect the spatial distribution characteristics of social value. The distance to water (DTW) means the social value was distributed in strips, and the distance to road (DTR) concentrated the social value along the road. The landscape type (LT) means the social value was concentrated in the landscape space. (2) When DTW, DTR, and LT were collectively used as environmental variables, the distribution characteristics of various social values were similar to when LT was used as the only environmental variable. (3) The results of MaxEnt show that LT made a greater contribution to the aesthetic, recreation, therapeutic, and historic values, and was the largest contribution factor to the aesthetic, therapeutic, and historic values, with contribution rates of 47.6, 50.5, and 80.0%, respectively. DTW is the factor that contributed the most to recreation, with a contribution rate of 43.1%. Improving social value based on the influence and contribution of environmental variables can reduce the damage to the ecological environment caused by changes in geographic factors. This is sustainable for both the ecosystem and the services it provides to mankind.
Highlights
Since the SCEP (Study of Critical Environmental Problems) first clearly proposed ecosystem services (ES) in 1970 [1,2], scholars have been discussing the concept [3,4,5]
In terms of the results, when distance to water (DTW), distance to road (DTR), and landscape type (LT) are collectively used as environmental variables, the social value distribution pattern obtained by SolVES is closer to when LT is used as the only variable
The results show that the order of the M-value index (VI) of the seven social value types produced by the DTW model, DTR model, and DTW-DTR-LT model is aesthetic > recreation = therapeutic > historic > economic = future
Summary
Since the SCEP (Study of Critical Environmental Problems) first clearly proposed ecosystem services (ES) in 1970 [1,2], scholars have been discussing the concept [3,4,5]. It is recognized by most scholars that ES are products or benefits that humans obtain directly or indirectly through the ecosystem to maintain human life [6]. In 2003, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) established a comprehensive ecosystem assessment framework and divided ES into four categories: “provisioning services,” “regulating services,” “supporting
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