Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze muscle regeneration after cryoinjury in the tibialis anterior muscle of young rats that were malnourished and then recovered. Forty Wistar rats were divided into a nourished group that received a normal protein diet (14% casein) for 90 days and a malnourished and recovered rats group (MR) that was submitted to 45 days of malnutrition with a hypoproteic diet (6% casein) followed by 45 days of a normal protein diet (14% casein). After the recovery period, all of the animals underwent cryoinjury in the right tibialis anterior muscle and euthanasia after 7, 14 and 21 days. The amount of connective tissue and the inflammation area was higher in the malnutrition recovered injury MR group (MRI) at 14 days post-injury (p < 0.05). Additionally, the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the regenerated fibers was decreased in the MRI (p < 0.05). The MyoD and myogenin protein levels were higher in the nourished injury group. Similar levels of TGF-β1 were found between groups. The proposed malnutrition protocol was effective in showing delayed changes in the regeneration process of the tibialis anterior muscle of young rats. Furthermore, we observed a delay in muscle repair even after nutritional recovery.
Highlights
Undernutrition is a pathological condition of nutritional imbalance due to insufficient intake of calories, protein, vitamins, minerals and/or other nutrients
Because skeletal muscle regeneration can be influenced by undernutrition, we examined the effect of a low-protein diet followed by nutritional recovery on the regeneration process after cryoinjury in the tibialis anterior muscle of young rats
The food intake was lower in the malnutrition recovery group (MR) group during the malnutrition period compared with the N group (p
Summary
Undernutrition is a pathological condition of nutritional imbalance due to insufficient intake of calories, protein, vitamins, minerals and/or other nutrients. Malnutrition in developing countries has mostly been attributed to a low. 83-91 protein diet (Ihemelandu, 1985; Ge and Chang, 2001) or a low quality of food consumed (Morgane et al, 2002). A lack of protein intake affects growth, differentiation and regeneration of cells because of interference in the immune function, protein synthesis and collagen breakdown (Silveira et al, 1997). Protein-malnutrition slows physical growth and metabolic development, which persists even after a return to healthy nutritional status (Ihemelandu, 1985; Díaz-Cintra et al, 2007; Hernandez et al, 2008; Miñana-Solis and Escobar, 2008)
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