Abstract
Simple SummaryJeju black cattle, a type of native Korean cattle characterized by black fur covering the entire body, inhabit Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, a World Natural Heritage Site. Although this breed was state designated as a natural monument in 2013 due to its characteristics and genetic traits, it is on the verge of extinction and thus there is a need to preserve this breed and further improve its traits. Therefore, we evaluated sperm motility, vitality, and morphology, which have long been considered good predictors of fertility in the absence of female infertility factors. Our findings showed that the semen of the JBC-A bull was superior to the semen of four other JBC bulls. Due to the aging of the population of JBC breeding bulls, strategies should be devised to improve sperm production in vivo.To optimize the reproduction of Jeju black cattle (JBC), freezing conditions for sperm were established and sperm motility, vitality, morphology, and fertility were evaluated to select the optimal bull for breeding. Semen samples from five JBC bulls were individually mixed with freezing medium at a final concentration of 1 × 108 sperm/mL and frozen in liquid nitrogen vapor at a height of 3 or 7 cm (referred to as 3 cm sperm and 7 cm sperm, respectively). When the freezing conditions were compared, the motility of 7 cm sperm was significantly higher than that of 3 cm sperm for the JBC-A bull. The motility, curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, and average path velocity of fresh and frozen–thawed sperm were the highest for the JBC-A bull. The vitalities of fresh and frozen–thawed sperm were the highest for the JBC-A/E and JBC-A bulls, respectively. The percentage of normal cells in fresh sperm was the highest for the JBC-D bull. The rates of the normal formation of two pronuclei and total sperm penetration were the highest in zygotes fertilized with sperm from the JBC-A bull. The sperm from the JBC-A bull had superior qualities and are thus the most appropriate choice for the preservation and reproduction of these endangered cattle.
Highlights
Modern innovations in animal husbandry allow the establishment of animal genetic resources
After freeze–thawing, these parameters decreased in samples from the Jeju black cattle (JBC)-C and JBC-E bulls, suggesting that samples from these two bulls are more vulnerable to cryopreservation than samples from the JBC-A bull. These results showed that motility and vitality were the highest for sperm from the JBC-A bull and lowest for sperm from the JBC-B bull, and these differences are reflected in the fertilization rates of semen samples from these two bulls
The present results suggest that the superior vitality and motility of sperm from the JBC-A bull resulted in high rates of oocyte penetration and normal 2 PN formation
Summary
Modern innovations in animal husbandry allow the establishment of animal genetic resources. Farmers depend on these innovations to obtain better-quality domestic animals. Genetic materials from animals of economic merit, wild animals, and endangered species may be lost due to unexpected reproductive failure or death. JBC, which are characterized by black fur covering the entire body, live in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, a World Natural Heritage Site. The qualities and genetic uniqueness of this breed resulted in its designation as a protected, state-designated national monument in 2013. This breed is endangered, with approximately 1400 animals remaining in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. Elite breeding bulls are needed to preserve this breed and to further improve its traits
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