Abstract
Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is responsible for causing a major soybean disease globally. The fungal strain Penicillium janthinellum Snef1650 was evaluated against H. glycines. However, the effective determinants of the P. janthinellum strain are unknown. By performing pot experiments, a functioning compound was isolated from P. janthinellum Snef1650 through organic solvent extraction, semi-preparative HPLC, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and silica gel column chromatography, and the isolated compound was identified to be scopoletin through 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HPLC–MS. The pot experiments indicated that the treatment of soybean seeds with scopoletin drastically reduced the SCN population. The field experiments performed in 2017 and 2018 revealed that scopoletin decreased over 43.7% juveniles in the roots and over 61.55% cysts in the soil. Scopoletin treatment also promoted soybean growth and improved its yield, with an increase in plot yield by >5.33%. Scopoletin obtained from P. janthinellum Snef1650 could be used as an anti-H. glycines biocontrol agent.
Highlights
Published: 26 October 2021Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) infects soybean (Glycine max) plantations and causes significant financial losses to the soybean production process globally
Seed treatment indirectly induces different host defense pathways such as salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), auxin, cytokinin, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling and chemical defense components through the synthesis of plant secondary metabolites or different enzymes to facilitate their parasitic successes in plants, which constitutes an advantage for the plant growth [11]
Scoploletin is a type of plant secondary metabolite produced by the phenylalanine metabolism pathway, which is abundantly present in plants and involved in the plant defense response to stress [38]
Summary
Published: 26 October 2021Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) infects soybean (Glycine max) plantations and causes significant financial losses to the soybean production process globally. In China, H. glycines infection causes an average soybean yield loss of as high as 30%, and the figure even reaches 70% in some areas in Northeast China [1]. H. glycines infection causes similar yield losses in the USA [2]. Several methods such as conventional crossbreeding and transgenic breeding have been developed to confer resistance to soybean varieties against H. glycines [3]; more efficient methods must be developed to effectively combat this pest. Seed treatment by introducing plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) has been extensively used to improve yield by parasitism, antibiosis, paralysis, and lytic enzymes [1,5,6,7,8,9,10]. Seed treatment indirectly induces different host defense pathways such as salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), auxin, cytokinin, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling and chemical defense components through the synthesis of plant secondary metabolites or different enzymes to facilitate their parasitic successes in plants, which constitutes an advantage for the plant growth [11]
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