Abstract

Simple SummaryThis study aimed to evaluate mutations within three candidate genes (SCD, ACACA, FASN) for their effects on fattening and slaughter characteristics, as well as meat quality traits, including intramuscular fat (IMF) level in pork. They were selected within differentially expressed genes activated in response to variable backfat content obtained using the RNA sequencing method. The RNA-seq analysis identifies mutations/SNPs located in the mRNA and could be a useful tool for prediction of genetic markers in farm animals. The results showed that selection for FASN A allele in Polish Large White pigs could lead to improved meat quality traits such as water exudation and meat colour. However, analysed polymorphisms showed only slight effects on fat metabolism and IMF content.In recent years, pig producers have struggled with the problem of low intramuscular fat levels in pork, which impacts palatability and ultimately meat quality. Reduced levels of intramuscular fat are likely the result of breeding objectives aimed at increasing lean meat content. In this study, three mutations within candidate genes for fat content (SCD, ACACA, and FASN) were selected, based on RNA-seq results and the relationship between polymorphisms in genes related to lipid metabolism, fattening and slaughter characteristics, as well as pork quality, including IMF level, were evaluated to identify selection markers. Moreover, their impact on gene expression was also examined. The PCR–RFLP (polymerase cha- in reaction – restriction fragments length) method was used to establish genotypes and effect sizes of potential genetic markers were estimated using a GLM model. It was identified that a FASN missense variant was positively associated with the expression level of this gene, which suggested its linkage with a mutation having a regulatory function. The association study indicated that the FASN missense variant may play a role in the determination of feed conversion and meat colour. In turn, a mutation in the ACACA gene showed a relationship with IMF content in the Puławska breed where the differences reached as much as 20%. We suggest considering all three mutations in further studies based on different pig populations due to the crucial role of SCD, ACACA, and FASN genes in lipid metabolism.

Highlights

  • Over the years, linear selection for lean meat content has led to the deterioration of meat quality, including sensory attributes of pork such as flavour, texture and appearance [1,2,3,4]

  • The fattening, carcass and meat quality traits estimated during the test and after slaughter showed significant differences between Puławska pigs and the other two breeds included in our study (Table S1, Supplementary file, please see: https://bit.ly/36JA3vt)

  • We analysed three potential genetic markers within genes FASN, SCD and ACACA strongly associated with lipid metabolism [30]

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Summary

Introduction

Linear selection for lean meat content has led to the deterioration of meat quality, including sensory attributes of pork such as flavour, texture and appearance [1,2,3,4]. Due to the high positive correlation between backfat thickness and intramuscular fat (IMF), both were reduced during this selection. Intramuscular fat is responsible for marbling and when present in low quantities results in reduced tenderness, juiciness and firmness [5]. The optimum IMF content has been shown to be in the 2.0–3.4% range [6,7], whereas highly productive breeds are currently characterised by IMF level below 2% [8]. An increase in IMF will likely lead to improved meat quality. IMF content is strongly connected with the physiological and biochemical processes, regulated by genes [9]

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