Abstract
Tide data plays a key role in many marine scientific research fields such as seafloor topography measurement and navigation safety. To obtain reliable tide data, various methods have been proposed, e.g., tide station measurement, satellite altimeter measurement, and differential global positioning system (GPS) buoy measurement. However, these methods suffer from the limitation that continuous observations at different areas might not be always available. In order to provide high-precision as well as continuous real-time tide data, we propose a method based on real-time precise point positioning (RT-PPP) by using International GNSS Service (IGS) real-time service (RTS) products. Firstly, compared with the IGS final products, the accuracy of the RTS satellite orbit and clock is evaluated. Secondly, the positioning performance of RT-PPP is compared with the IGS ultra-fast products. Finally, a robust Vondrak filter is proposed to eliminate the influence of high-frequency noise and errors and to obtain tide results. Experimental results show that three-dimensional (3D) accuracy of the RTS orbit is better than 0.05 m, and also has 0.22 ns less clock bias. An improvement of 60% is achieved for positioning accuracy using RTS products compared to IGS ultra-fast products. Compared with the post-processing PPP method, the double difference (DD) method and tide gauge data, the root mean square (RMS) values of RT-PPP tide are 0.090, 0.194 and 0.167 m, respectively.
Highlights
Tide data provides rich information that facilitates marine scientific research such as seafloor topography and navigation safety
We can find a significant difference between the double difference (DD) results of QD and BJFS/SHAO—it seems that there is a problem with QD base receiver/antenna
This paper describes a method of real-time precise point positioning (RT-precise point positioning (PPP)) tide measurement based on real-time service (RTS) products, which is different from the traditional method of using tide gauges, satellite altimeters and global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-R measurement
Summary
Tide data provides rich information that facilitates marine scientific research such as seafloor topography and navigation safety. Through long-term continuous observation of a certain sea areas, researchers can analyze the change of the sea level [1,2,3,4], study tide models [5,6] and investigate and forecast extreme sea level events such as hurricane storm surge and tsunami [2,7,8,9]. Tide data measured by tide gauges can achieve high precision, it is limited to coastal areas near tide gauge stations, and it is difficult to build tide gauges in open sea areas far away from the shore. Altimeter records are used in monitoring changes in coastal sea levels and investigating
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