Abstract
Public–private partnerships (PPPs) in the veterinary domain are joint approaches in which public veterinary services and private actors such as private veterinarians, producers' associations, or private companies work together to address complex animal health challenges. They are implemented worldwide and can help to strengthen the capacities of veterinary services, but few have been evaluated. None of the evaluations developed in the veterinary domain explicitly addressed PPPs, their complex program design, their evolving governance, and coordination system, and their impacts. This work represents the first application of the participatory impact pathway methodology for the evaluation of a PPP in the veterinary domain. The PPP evaluated aimed at developing the poultry sector in Ethiopia and improving poultry health service coverage, particularly in remote areas. The combination of semi-structured interviews (n = 64) and collective reflection during three workshops (n participants = 26, 48, 18), captured the viewpoints of public and private partners, actors who influenced the partnership, and actors impacted by it. The context of the PPP was analyzed, and the causal relationships between the PPP and its impacts were investigated. This work showed that collaboration between the public and private sector occurred at several administrative levels. The actors considered a variety of impacts, on the economy, business, trust, and health, which were then measured through different indicators. The actors also identified the added value of the PPP to enrich those impacts. The participatory impact pathway methodology helped to strengthen the engagement of actors in the PPP and to formulate recommendations at the policy level to favor positive results. This case study represents a milestone in building a participatory evaluation framework of PPP in the veterinary domain.
Highlights
Public–private partnership (PPP) in the veterinary domain1 is defined by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) as “a joint approach in which the public and private sectors agree responsibilities and share resources and risks to achieve common objectives that deliver benefits in a sustainable manner” [1]
The grower agents raised day-old chicks supplied by EthioChicken until 45 days, provided poultry healthcare such as vaccination programs, and were assisted by EthioChiken
The village poultry development agents were actors elected by the local communities to deliver the 45-day-old chickens from the grower agents to the smallholder farmers, operating in two regions due to the non-availability of public development agents
Summary
Public–private partnership (PPP) in the veterinary domain is defined by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) as “a joint approach in which the public and private sectors agree responsibilities and share resources and risks to achieve common objectives that deliver benefits in a sustainable manner” [1]. Through PPPs, the public Veterinary Services and private actors, such as private veterinarians, producers’ associations, or private companies, work together to address complex animal health challenges. Cluster 2, “collaborative PPPs”, correspond to PPPs usually motivated by trade, exports, and/or commercial interests. These PPPs are initiated by both the private sector, often represented by producer associations, and the public sector. Cluster 3, “transformative PPPs”, corresponds to PPPs focused on establishing the capability to deliver otherwise unattainable major programs. They are initiated and financed by the private sector (local or international companies) but sanctioned by, and working with, the national Veterinary Services [1]
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