Evaluation of Primary Health Care in Brazil: A Literature Review

Tatiane Baratieri

doi:10.4172/2167-1079.1000144

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the scientific literature on the aspects and/or positive and negative impacts of Primary Health Care (PHC) in Brazil. There was conducted a literature search on the Lilacs database, finding nine articles analyzed by categorical content. The data revealed positive impacts of PHC in Brazil: best performance of the FHS than to Traditional Basic Units, users recognize the PHC as the gateway of the health system, increasing the professional/user relationship and municipalities those invest in innovative strategies attention. The challenges for the consolidation of PHC excel in studies: classified in most cities studied as regular/partially effective, incipient/unsatisfactory, little impact on improving the health conditions of the population, incipient social participation, difficulties in organizing the PHC, professional devaluation. It is concluded that there are incipient positive impacts of PHC, requiring changes, such as increased planning, organization and qualification, to the consolidation of PHC in Brazil. Studies which evaluate the PHC are extremely important for the reorganization of the health system and overcoming the challenges that still exist in the primary level of attention.

Highlights

At the end of the 1980s the health system in Brazil begins a process of reform of the health sector, and in 1986 in the Brazilian political democratization process, was held the VIII National Health Conference, which proposed an administrative reform and unification of institutions and healthcare service in a unique Ministry of Health, which would be responsible for the conduct and management of the entire health policy [1]
It is noted that Primary Care (PC) and Primary Health Care (PHC) are synonymous, but in this paper we report on the PHC terminology to be broadcast internationally
It is important to emphasize the study [15] of the State of São Paulo, it was evidenced that the health professionals who act in the context of family health assesses best issues involving bond, and cast of services, family and community oriented focus, than those who work at Basic Health Unit (BHU)

Summary

Introduction

In 1978, occurred the Alma-Ata Conference, which proposed the Primary Health Care (PHC) as a strategy to expand the service to all segments of society, making use of techniques that were clinics, but with an epidemiological and social standpoint [1,2].At the end of the 1980s the health system in Brazil begins a process of reform of the health sector, and in 1986 in the Brazilian political democratization process, was held the VIII National Health Conference, which proposed an administrative reform and unification of institutions and healthcare service in a unique Ministry of Health, which would be responsible for the conduct and management of the entire health policy [1].the landmark was the Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988, which made real the ideal to build the Unified Health System (SUS – in Portuguese) from the moment when was proposed to guarantee universal access to health care, exceeding the proposed hitherto existing and introducing a new definition of health, conceptualized as a right. In Brazil, in the context of the NHS, the PHC is defined as the set of actions of health, individual and collective, which includes the promotion and protection of health, disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and health maintenance It is developed through the exercise of management and sanitary democratic and participatory practices, under the form of teamwork, driven to populations of welldefined territories, for which it is bared the responsibility for health, considering the dynamics existing in the territory in which these people live; the uses of high complexity and low density technologies, which should solve the health problems of greater frequency and relevance in their territory. The PHC considers the subject in its uniqueness, complexity, and completeness in the sociocultural integration and seeks to promote their health, prevention and treatment of diseases and harm reduction or suffering that may compromise their ability to live healthily [4]

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Results

Conclusion