Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-coated β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) liquid activator (PLGA/β-TCP) on alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction in dog mandible. Thirty-two extraction sites were prepared in eight dog mandibles. A distal root of the mandibular premolar was extracted and randomly grafted with one of the following bone substitutes: (1) PLGA/β-TCP, (2) β-TCP, or (3) left empty as a control, and wounds were closed with keratinized mucosa graft. Post-operative wound healing was observed and scored to evaluate safety. After 12 and 24 weeks, the bone regeneration was evaluated with micro-computed tomography (CT) images and histomorphometric analyses. Gingival epithelization progressed over time without complication or infection. Micro-CT images and histological observation revealed that both PLGA/β-TCP and β-TCP granules supported sufficient new bone formation. Although bone formation and substrate resorption were delayed slightly with the PLGA and the NMP-containing plasticizer as compared to those treated with conventional β-TCP, it can be concluded that the PLGA and the NMP-containing plasticizer that facilitated the in situ hardening properties of the material had no negative influence on the biocompatibility of the material.
Highlights
The recovery of bone deficiency caused by trauma, tumor resection, and aging has been a challenge in the field of orthopedics and dentistry
The gingival epithelization progressed over time, and no wound healing complications nor surgical site infections were observed in any groups
Group formation andresorption substrate were resorption in group the β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). Groupto compared to those in the poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)/βin thegroup early stage bone regeneration, comparable bone formation bone was observed the in theof early stage of bonealthough regeneration, comparable formationin was PLGA/β-TCP
Summary
The recovery of bone deficiency caused by trauma, tumor resection, and aging has been a challenge in the field of orthopedics and dentistry. In order to compensate these drawbacks, a variety of artificial bone graft materials has been developed and clinically applied for bone augmentation, and Materials 2020, 13, 3452; doi:10.3390/ma13163452 www.mdpi.com/journal/materials. Materials 2020, 13, 3452 the materials selected significantly affect the outcome of bone replacement procedures in terms of bone formation volume and the quality and amount of vital bone [1]. Post-extraction alveolar ridge bone volume loss is an irreversible process involving both horizontal and vertical reduction [2,3]. Alveolar ridge atrophy may have a considerable impact on tooth replacement therapy, for implant-supported restorations [4]. Alveolar ridge preservation has become a key component of contemporary clinical dentistry
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