Abstract
a peer-reviewed, open access online international journal which publishes original research papers. The journal welcomes submission from scholars and experts for possible publication from all over the world. The scope of the journal includes: Pharmaceutical research, chemistry and biochemistry of naturally occurring compounds, biological evaluation of crude extracts, ethnomedicine, traditional and complementary medicine, ethnopharmacology, biomedical research, Biotechnology, Evaluation of natural substances of land and sea and of plants, microbes and animals, pharmacognosy, bioavailability, clinical, pharmacological, toxicological studies and pharmacokinetics of phytochemicals, Isolation and characterization of compounds, structure elucidation, synthesis and experimental biosynthesis of natural Product as well as developments of methods in these areas are welcomed in the journal.
Highlights
Fungal infections often occur in tropical countries like Indonesia
Lansida (Indonesia); tween 80, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400, Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO), Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media were from Bratachem® (Indonesia)
The ME formulations consist of three components, first is the essential oils in VCO as the oil phase, the second is a mixture of Tween 80 as the main surfactant strengthens with PEG 400 as co-surfactant and the third is water as the aqueous phase
Summary
Fungal infections often occur in tropical countries like Indonesia. A tropical climate with high humidity supports fungal growth. One of the most common diseases is a fungal infection of the nails known as onychomycosis, which accounts for approximately 50% of all nail diseases.[1] Trychophyton rubrum (T. rubrum) is the dermatophyte that causes the majority of superficial fungal infections worldwide.[2] Currently, available antifungal drugs for oral use include itraconazole, terbinafine, fluconazole, griseofulvin, and ketoconazole.[3] The nails are in the third compartment in the pharmacokinetic model where drug distribution is slower with low bioavailability, making oral drug administration less effective for this disease.[4] Further, prolonged oral therapy is more likely to cause side effects than topical use. A literature search shows that the chemical compounds in lemongrass essential oil have antifungal activity.[5,6] Lemongrass oil at a concentra-
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