Evaluation of Physical and Health Education Online Learning in Elementary Schools: PLS-SEM Approach

Abstract

During the COVID-19 pandemic, online learning in physical and health education encountered multiple barriers and resistance. Barriers faced in online learning include inadequate facilities and infrastructure, mastery of technology by teachers, and limited internet networks. So, to measure the achievement of PESH learning objectives, an evaluation process is needed. The Physical Education, Sport, and Health (PESH) quantitative survey research aims to evaluate the success of PESH online learning in elementary schools. It used random sampling technique and obtained a sample of 188 respondents in Yogyakarta. In addition, students, teachers, principals, and vice-principals in five elementary schools participated in the research respondents. The second-order partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique was used to test the structural model because of the complexity of the constructs and indicators, which consisting of 5 measurements, 13 aspects, 43 constructs, and 21 hypotheses. The evaluation of the measurement and structural models has met the cut-off values in this literature. Overall, each indicator can explain the variance of the success of online learning evaluation with an average of 88.821%. Each variable has a significant influence on the average success of learning outcomes. The overall recapitulation of the online learning evaluation results obtained >80% with the input variable obtaining an average of 90.359%. Student characteristics and facilities and infrastructure learning are the most dominant in the acquisition of learning evaluation achievements. The recommendation that researchers put forward is that schools should increase the provision of facilities and infrastructure and internet networks so that the implementation of technology and mastery of the material by teachers can be carried out better.