Abstract
Due to the increased demand for palladium, as well due to its reduced availability in nature, its recovery from diluted waste solutions becomes a necessity, and perhaps an emergency. As a result of economic and technological development, new materials with improved adsorbent properties that are more efficient for metallic ions’ recovery were synthesized and introduced to market. The goal of this study was to obtain a new adsorbent material by functionalizing through impregnation a commercial polymeric support that was both inexpensive and environmentally friendly (Amberlite XAD7) with crown ether (di-benzo-18-crown-6—DB18C6). Crown ethers are known for their ability to form complexes within metallic ions, by including them inside of the ring, regardless of its atomic size. Adsorbent material was prepared by impregnation using the solvent-impregnated resin method (SIR). To highlight the presence of crown ether on the resin surface, a new synthesized material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental analysis X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The specific surface of the adsorbent material was also determined by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. Adsorbent performances of the prepared material were highlighted by kinetic, thermodynamic and equilibrium studies and a possible mechanism was also proposed. The influence of specific parameters for the adsorption process (contact time, temperature, Pd(II) initial concentration) on the maximum adsorption capacity was pursued.
Highlights
An important class of elements it is represented by platinum group metals (PGMs)— i.e., iridium, palladium, osmium, rhodium and ruthenium—due to their large range of applications in various industries [1]
Because of all the benefits of Pd usage, technological development has led to a significant growth in the demand for Pd, which almost inevitably led to an increase of Pd release into the environment
A new adsorbent material was obtained by chemical modification of Amberlite XAD7 polymer by functionalization with dibenzo-18-crown-6 ether
Summary
An important class of elements it is represented by platinum group metals (PGMs)— i.e., iridium, palladium, osmium, rhodium and ruthenium—due to their large range of applications in various industries [1]. Palladium possesses attractive physical and chemical properties such as high melting point, good corrosion resistance and remarkable catalytic properties [2,3]. Because of all the benefits of Pd usage, technological development has led to a significant growth in the demand for Pd, which almost inevitably led to an increase of Pd release into the environment. Such environmental release causes the contamination of food and waters worldwide [2,3], leading to bioaccumulation in different living organisms [3]. Pd recovery and recycling becomes feasible by developing new techniques for Pd effective pre-concentration and separation from such wastewaters [2]
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